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EMoDiR sets out to challenge an all too simplistic notion of European religious ‘roots’. In public debate on European identity, there is a tendency to homogenize Europe’s past, emphasizing common origins and heritage. This international research group intends to move away from this perspective and to examine early modern religious dissents, conflicts, and plurality from 1580 until 1720. On the basis of a thorough investigation which transcends traditional boundaries of national and/or confessional historiographies, we will examine the discursive constructions of religious dissent and the sociocultural practices that defied the confessional ‘orthodoxies’ of Early Modern Europe then becoming established within the framework of the growing apparatus of modern states evolving at that time.

The analysis of religious dissent, defined as criticism from within the various Christian orthodoxies as well as theological, intellectual, and cultural antagonism to them (such as Arminianism, Jansenism, Puritan Antinomianism, Pietism, Quietism, Free-thinking, etc.), will be undertaken as the study of a specific form of cultural communication. By readapting and improving the methodology of ‘histoire croisée’ (while paying particular attention to gender differences), we will examine not only the cultural practices and intersections but also the specific mechanisms of cultural transfer: the circulation of manuscripts and printed texts, the publication strategies, the networking and travels of (male and female) dissenters and their meetings in heterodox circles. The research will be carried out as a sequence of in-depth case studies, exploring differences, analogies, and connections between French, Italian, English, Spanish, Swiss, Hungarian, Transylvanian, and German experiences. Our aim will be to observe not only the forms and contexts of dissent but also the political, social, and cultural strategies used by the states and the churches to contain, control, and weaken diversity or to transform plurality into a political resource.

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